SCHOOLS:
In Switzerland, every child must attend at least the elementary school. Our country provides various schools at different levels. Because the cantons are responsible for the educational system, the names, the subjects, the starting age of the students and the duration vary significantly between the cantons. The rest of this document therefore focuses on how it works in the canton Zürich.
Kindergarten:
Unlike school, children are not required to attend Kindergarten, but most children do go to Kindergarten. They do not learn to read and write but shall develop their social capabilities and get used to sit quiet for a while and pay attention to the teacher. Children may attend Kindergarten for one year or two years. Because they are supposed to start school at the age of seven, they go to Kindergarten when they are five and six years old.
Volksschule ("Elementary school"):
The Volksschule ("elementary school") is mandatory for all Swiss children. They must either attend the public school or must go to a private school. Elementary school starts at the age of seven and lasts at least eight, but usually nine years. Some schools offer an additional year for kids who haven't either yet decided what to do after school, haven't found a job to start an apprenticeship or haven't yet reached the age to start what they would like to do. The Volksschule is divided into Primarschule and Oberstufenschule:
- In Zürich, Primarschule lasts six years. Usually, the children have only one teacher who teaches all subjects.
- Oberstufenschule lasts three years. Usually, there are at least two teachers for each class, one teaches some, the second the other subjects. There may be other teachers for some special subjects like gym, needlework, cooking and so on.
Oberstufenschule itself is divided into three different levels: Sekundarschule, Realschule and Oberschule.
- Sekundarschule is the highest level. Some apprenticeships require this level of education. It is particularly required if a student wants to attend a Gymnasium ("secondary school") afterwards. Sekundarschule includes math, geometry, native language (German in case of Zürich), first foreign language (french in Zürich), geography, history and more. In addition, students may attend other subjects like a second foreign language, usually English or Italian.
- Realschule basically teaches the same subjects but not to the same extend.
- Oberschule takes care of students who have difficulties in learning.
After Primarschule, students can also choose to go directly to Gymnasium ("secondary school") without going to the Oberstufenschule, but this would be a different kind of secondary school than after Oberstufenschule (see also curriculum)
Berufslehre ("Apprenticeship"):
In Switzerland, most kids start a Berufslehre ("apprenticeship") after elementary school. Depending on the profession, an apprenticeship takes two to four years. Apprenticeships include all kinds of professions, from handicraft (mechanician, carpenter, baker, hairdresser etc.) to office worker (secretary, bookkeeper etc.). Apprentice will get trained at a company or organization, but also attend school for one or two days a week. Some companies also provide additional classes on their own.
After apprenticeship and depending on their education, young people can either start a job or join other schools for further education, including so called Fachhochschulen (previously known as Höhere Technische Lehranstalt, "technical colleges").
mnasium ("Secondary school"):
There are various types of Gymnasia ("secondary schools") with different major subjects.
If a student goes to Gymnasium right after Primarschule, she or he would attend the Altsprachliches Gymnasium ("secondary school of ancient languages"). This school teaches Latin plus at least two other languages, but includes math and science subjects as well. It lasts six and a half years and is mandatory for students who want to become physician, priest and a few other professions.For all other secondary schools, a student must attend at least two, but usually all three years of Oberstufenschule. The Mathematisches und Naturwissenschaftliches Gymnasium ("secondary school of math and science") focuses on math and science, but teaches German and two foreign languages as well (French and English or Italian). The Neusprachliches Gymnasium ("secondary school of modern languages") focuses on modern languages such as German, French, Italian and English, but includes some math and science as well. Finally, there is the Wirtschaftsgymnasium ("secondary school of economics") that focuses on economy.
All these secondary schools lasts four and a half years and lead to the so called Eidgenössische Matura ("federal graduation diploma") which is recognized at all universities in Switzerland and at most universities in foreign countries.The Lehramtsschule in contrast leads to a Kantonale Matura ("cantonal graduation diploma"), which may be recognized only within the same canton (but this is currently changing). Typically, a student of the Lehramtsschule would become a teacher afterwards.Even after an apprenticeship, it is still possible to get a graduation diploma at a so called Maturitätsschule ("graduation diploma school"). After finishing such a Maturitätsschule, a student can attend an university like a student who attended a Gymnasium. This path in the educational curriculum is known as Zweiter Bildungsweg ("secondary educational path"). |
